INCA

Banner represented the Inca himself, as opposed to the entire nation. Small square flag, standard symbols were the snakes, rainbow and tassel (seen in picture). Each king would add their own symbols/badges.

Used on hilly/mountainous terrain, created and provided suitable flat surfaces for farming. Decreased erosion and runoff and allowed the Inca to utilize more of their land. Combined with irrigation systems to increase productivity.

Walls of terraces controlled and contained water used for irrigation, provided separation for various crops, and maintained heat from the sun to keep roots warm at night. Stairs made accessing each level easy and effective for the farmers.

System of canals, built through terraces to provide water for agriculture as well as for personal use (led to accessible fountains). Extensive system transported water all throughout the empire, also included a drainage system.

Road system had two main north-south roads with many smaller roads branching off. Parts of the system were created before the Inca empire, but were then later expanded upon by the Inca. Was used throughout many aspects of society such as transportation, trade, military, and religious purposes.

Located on mountain 2,430 metres above sea level. Built around the height of the empire, and was abandoned with the invasion of the Spanish.

Recording tool used for record keeping, specifically the accounting of people and goods. The different knots and positions represented various numbers/units, and all strings were attached to a main one. The use of varying colours determined what was being kept track of.

Architectural style of walls with a wide base, built with stones shaped to fit perfectly together, with minimal space between blocks. Separated into urban/agricultural areas and an upper/lower town. Existence of stairs, separate buildings, doorways/arches, pathways and irrigation canals. Rectangular shaped buildings, straight walls.

Legendary first Inca ruler who exists in many myths, Inca believed he was the child of the Sun God. Actually existed in real life and was the founder of the empire.